محاكاة نقل الرسوبيات خلال الفيضان بأستخدام برنامج HEC-RAS ثنائي البعد في نهر دجلة في العراق
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تؤثر التغييرات في النظام الهيدرولوجي على جودة المياه بشكل اكبر وكذلك على عملية نقل المغذيات والرواسب في كافة انظمة الأنهار. ويمكن قياس نقل الرسوبيات من خلال فهم ديناميكية الانهار بشكل افضل وكذلك توصيف العمليات النهرية المرتبطة بها. تركز الدراسة الحالية على ديناميكية الانهار والمحافظة على البيئة وتقلل من تكلفة التدريب ومنشأت التحكم في الفيضانات وتقييم معدل نقل الرسوبيات في حالة الفيضان بحالات ثنائية الابعاد في نهر دجلة بين سد الموصل وسد سامراء. تم اعتماد معادلات (Navier-Stokes equations within 2D HEC-RAS) بالاضافة الى تطبيق صيغ الحمل والانتشار لمحاكاة معدل نقل الرسوبيات بناء على طول معامل التكييف وتم معايرة معامل خشونة السطح المناسب لغطاء الارض. مثّلت المخرجات الخرائط المُستخلصة التي دُمجت نموذج الارتفاع الرقمي (DEM)، الذي يصف المناطق المُعرّضة للتآكل والترسيب في بُعدين. كذلك، لوحظ تباين كبير في معدل نقل الرواسب نتيجةً لموجات الفيضان قرب سد الموصل، حيث بلغ متوسط معدل نقل الرواسب 8100 كجم/م/ث عند 5كم، ثم انخفض إلى 2600 كجم/م/ث عند 422كم. يُقدّم (Laursen-Copeland) نتائج أكثر دقة في محاكاة نقل الرواسب، وتغيرات ارتفاع قاع النهر، وأنماط الترسيب. وأخيرًا، حسّنت الدراسة خطة التحكم من خلال توفير تفاصيل حول المخاطر الحرجة في مناطق الفيضان
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