دراسة التغيرات السطحية لهور الحمار من خلال صور الأقمار الصناعية باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

دينا العيثاوي
Alaa D. Salman

الملخص

تُمثل الأهوار الطبيعية نسبةً كبيرةً من المسطحات المائية في العراق. تغطي الأهوار العراقية مساحةً تُقارب 30,000 كيلومتر مربع، وتقع في قاع حوض بلاد ما بين النهرين. لعبت الأهوار دورًا بارزًا في تاريخ العراق، وكانت مأهولةً بالسكان منذ فجر الحضارة. بدأت الحكومة العراقية بتجفيف الأهوار لأسباب سياسية وعسكرية، وبحلول عام 2000، لم يتبقَّ سوى أقل من 10% من إجمالي مساحة الأهوار. بعد عام 2003، بدأت عملية إعادة تأهيل الأهوار العراقية، إلا أن هذه العملية واجهت بعض التحديات. في هذه الدراسة سيتم رصد التغيرات في مناسيب المياه من خلال حساب مساحة سطح هور الحمار الذي يقع في جنوب العراق على مدى فترة 11 عامًا (2013-2023)، وبتطبيق تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد وتقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية، تم الكشف عن التغيرات في هور الحمار خلال السنوات العشر، وتم تطبيق طريقة التصنيف المشرف (أقصى احتمال) لتصنيف المنطقة، وتم تحديد فئتين من الغطاء الأرضي (المائي والنباتي) باستخدام برنامج (ArcMap)، وتم إدخال الخرائط النهائية للتصنيف باستخدام نفس البرنامج، وأظهرت النتائج تغيرًا كبيرًا في مساحة سطح هور الحمار خلال سنوات الدراسة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهرت النتائج دقة ونجاح طريقة التصنيف المشرف (أقصى احتمال) في تصنيف الصور حيث تعتبر من أفضل طرق التصنيف وأسرعها وأعلى دقة.

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تفاصيل المقالة

القسم

Articles

كيفية الاقتباس

"دراسة التغيرات السطحية لهور الحمار من خلال صور الأقمار الصناعية باستخدام تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية" (2026) مجلة الهندسة, 32(3), ص 47–64. doi:10.31026/j.eng.2026.03.04.

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