الاقتران البصري–الحراري المدفوع بتأثيرات البلازمون في طلاءات الماصات الشمسية النانوية المصممة هندسيًا: تحليل متكامل للبنية والخصائص الطيفية والتحويل الفوتوحراري
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
يتضمن هذا العمل تحضير طلاءات انتقائية مدعمة بإضافات نانوية وتوصيفها لتطبيقات التحويل الفوتوحراري. كما يتناول دراسة العلاقة بين إضافة الجسيمات المعدنية وأكاسيد المعادن والخواص البصرية للطلاءات المركبة وخصائصها في التحويل الفوتوحراري. تم توصيف الطلاءات المحتوية على Ni وFe₃O₄ وCuO وNiO وMnO₂ باستخدام تقنيات SEM–EDS ومطيافية UV–Vis ضمن المدى (200–1000 nm) وقياسات الانعكاسية الكلية، إضافةً إلى إخضاعها لتحليل فوتوحراري زمني. أظهرت الطلاءات المدعمة بالنيكل أفضل أداء مقارنةً ببقية الطلاءات، إذ حققت أعلى درجة حرارة سطح بلغت 93.93 °م وخزن حراري مقداره 213.10 J مع أعلى معدل تسخين بلغ 0.360، مترافقًا مع قمة امتصاص في المجال المرئي عند نحو 555 nm. كما حققت امتصاصية تكاملية مرتفعة بلغت نحو 1.717 وانعكاسية منخفضة مقدارها 4.6%. ويُعزى ذلك إلى الامتصاص شبه-البلازموني في جسيمات النيكل النانوية والذي يعزز كفاءة تحويل الفوتونات إلى حرارة. كما أظهرت الطلاءات المحتوية على Fe₃O₄ وCuO أداءً تنافسيًا نتيجة آليات الامتصاص واسع النطاق، في حين بينت الطلاءات المحتوية على NiO وMnO₂ كفاءة أقل بسبب هيمنة الامتصاص في نطاق الأشعة فوق البنفسجية. وعلى الرغم من الامتصاصية العالية للطلاء الأساسي، بقيت استجابته الحرارية محدودة نتيجة غياب المسارات الناقلة للحرارة. وأكد تحليل الارتباط أن الامتصاصية التكاملية تمثل العامل الأكثر تأثيرًا في الأداء الفوتوحراري مقارنةً بتأثير الطول الموجي الأعظمي وعرض الحزمة الطيفية. وتوضح النتائج أن تحقيق تحويل فوتوحراري فعّال يتطلب التأثير المشترك للامتصاص واسع النطاق وآليات الامتصاص المدعومة بالبلازمون أو العيوب البنيوية، إضافةً إلى الخصائص البنيوية الدقيقة المناسبة.
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