Experimental Investigation of Nano Iron Oxide on Physical Properties of Salt-Saturated Drilling Mud
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
The process of drilling wells has become more complex today due to greater depths and advanced drilling techniques. Therefore, obtaining ideal specifications for drilling fluids has become of great importance to overcome drilling problems and reduce costs. Therefore, studies have begun to investigate the effect of nanomaterials on drilling fluids. This study is an investigation into the effect of nano-iron oxide on drilling fluid specifications. Saturated salt mud was used, and different physical properties such as viscosity, density, and filtrate loss were measured at different temperatures (30 ˚C, 50 ˚C, and 70 ˚C), and adding different proportions of nano iron oxide (0.75 and 1.5 gm). This study is characterized by the combination of field and laboratory work. The addition of nano iron oxide leads to an increase in gel strength while the other rheological properties remained relatively constant, and the change in filtration and mud cake is small except at high temperature. Rising temperature leads to a decrease in rheological properties, except for gel strength. But at 70 C˚, the addition of nano iron oxide reduced the effect of rising temperature, especially on the yield point, and this is an important property when drilling a salt section.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
تفاصيل المقالة
القسم
كيفية الاقتباس
المراجع
Agarwal, A., Joshi, H., and Kumar, A., 2011. Synthesis, characterisation, and application of nano lepidocrocite and magnetite in the degradation of carbon tetrachloride. South African Journal of Chemistry, 64, pp. 218-224. http://journals.sabinet.co.za/sajchem
Ahmed, A. W. and Kalkan, E., 2019. Drilling fluids: Types, formation choice, and environmental impact. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 8(12), P. 49.
Alsabaa, A., Gamal, H. A., Elkatatny, S. M., and Abdulraheem, A., 2020. Real-time prediction of rheological properties of all-oil mud using artificial intelligence. Paper ARMA-2020-1645 presented at the 54th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium.
Alvi, M. A. A., Agonafir, M. B., Bandyopadhyay, S., and Minde, M. W., 2020. Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the properties of water-based drilling fluids. Energies, 13(24), P. 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/EN13246718.
Amer, A., Dearing, H., Jones, R. and Sergiacomo, M., 2016. Drilling through salt formations: A drilling fluids review. Paper SPE-180326-MS presented at the SPE Deepwater Drilling and Completions Conference, Galveston, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.2118/180326-MS .
API RP 13B-1., 2003. Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids. 3rd edn. American Petroleum Institute.
Barry, M. M., Jung, Y., Lee, J. K., and Phuoc, T. X., 2015. Fluid filtration and rheological properties of nanoparticle additive and intercalated clay hybrid bentonite drilling fluids. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 127, pp. 338-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.01.012 .
Bingham, E. C., 1922. Fluidity and Plasticity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Biswas, B., Rahman, M. L., Ahmed, M. F., and Sharmin, N., 2024. Extraction of gamma iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles from waste can: structure, morphology, and magnetic properties. Heliyon, 10(10), P. e30810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30810 .
Caenn, R., Darley, H. C. H. and Gray, G. R., 2011. Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids. 6th edn. Waltham, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-64504-9 .
Casson, N., 1959. A flow equation for pigment-oil suspensions of the printing ink type. in Mill, C. C. (ed.) Rheology of Disperse Systems. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 84-104.
Cheraghian, G., 2021. Nanoparticles in drilling fluid: A review of the state-of-the-art. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 13, pp. 737-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.089 .
Contreras, O., Hareland, G., Husein, M., Nygaard, R., and Mortadha, A., 2014. Application of in-house prepared nanoparticles as filtration control additive to reduce formation damage. Paper SPE-168116-MS presented at the SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA. https://doi.org/10.2118/168116-MS .
COSL Company, 2023. Drilling Program for Well FQCN-96 in Fauqi Oilfield. Missan Oilfields, Iraq.
Dusseault, M.B., Maury, V., Sanfilippo, F., and Santarelli, F.J., 2004. Drilling through salt: constitutive behaviour and drilling strategies. ARMA North America Rock Mechanics Symposium, ARMA-04. ARMA.
Frigaard, I. A., Paso, K. G., and de Souza Mendes, P. R., 2017. Bingham's model in the oil and gas industry. Rheologica Acta, 56, pp. 259-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-017-0999-y .
Gokapai, V., Pothana, P., and Ling, K., 2024. Nanoparticles in drilling fluids: A review of types, mechanisms, applications, and future prospects. Engineering, 5(4), pp. 2462-2495. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5040129 .
Hemphill, T., Campos, W., and Pilehvari, A.,1993. Yield-power law model more accurately predicts mud rheology. Oil & Gas Journal, 91(34), pp. 45-50.
Herschel, W. H. and Bulkley, R., 1926. Konsistenzmessungen von gummi-benzollösungen. Kolloid-Zeitschrift, 39, pp. 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01432034 .
Hu, J., Guo, H., Li, J., Gan, Q., Wang, Y., and Xing, B., 2017. Comparative impacts of iron oxide nanoparticles and ferric ions on the growth of Citrus maxima. Environmental Pollution, 221, pp. 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.064 .
Hussien, H. A. and Salih, M. S., 2023. Investigation of the effect of temperature and contamination on properties of saturated salt-base mud. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies, 39, pp. 32-45. https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i2.770 .
Jung, Y., Barry, M., Lee, J.-K., Tran, P., Soong, Y., Martello, D., and Chyu, M., 2011. Effect of nanoparticle additives on the rheological properties of clay-based fluids at high temperature and high pressure. In Proceedings of the AADE National Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX, USA, 12-14 April.
Khalil, M., Jan, B. M., and Raman, A. A. A., 2011. Rheological and statistical evaluation of nontraditional lightweight completion fluid and its temperature dependence. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 77(1), pp. 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2011.02.001 .
Khan, K., Altwaijri, M. and Ahmed, S., 2021. Wellbore stability beyond mud weight. Paper SPE-204860-MS. https://doi.org/10.2118/204860-MS .
Lenschow, L. R., 1992. Pressure drop calculations for drilling fluids. Paper SPE-25520.
Lykiva, A. V., and B. M.Smilkogo, 1968. Heat and Mass Transfer Sourcebook: 3rd All-Union Conference.
Mohapatra, M. and Anand, S., 2010. Synthesis and applications of nano-structured iron oxides/hydroxides – a review. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 2(8), pp. 127-146. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v2i8.63846 .
Newton, I., 1999. The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Berkeley-Los Angeles-London: University of California Press.
Okorie Agwu, E., Akpabio, J. U., Ekpenyong, M. E., Inyang, U. G., Asuquo, D. E., Eyoh, I. J., and Adeoye, O. S., 2021. A critical review of drilling mud rheological models. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 203, article 108659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108659 .
Ostwald, W., 1925. Ueber die geschwindigkeitsfunktion der viskosität disperser systeme. I. Kolloid-Zeitschrift, 36, pp. 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01431449 .
Patel, B., Darji, P., Fnu, P. I. J., Nalla, S., Khatri, V., and Parikh, S., 2024. A comprehensive review and insight into the latest advancements in nanotechnology. Biotech Research Asia, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3279 .
Peng, S. J., 1990. Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. PhD thesis. Heriot-Watt University.
Robertson, R. E. and Stiff, H. A. 1976. An improved rheological model for relating shear stress to shear rate in drilling fluids and cement slurries. SPE Journal, 16(1), pp. 31-36. https://doi.org/10.2118/5333-PA
Skalle, P. 2012. Drilling Fluid Engineering. 3rd edn. London: E Publishing Inc.
Weijermars, R., Jackson, M. P. A., and van Harmelen, A. 2014. Closure of open wellbores in creeping salt sheets. Geophysical Journal International, 196, pp. 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt346