التقييم العددي والتجريبي لأداء MPPT في نظام PV بقدرة 50 وات باستخدام وحدة التحكم في شحن الطاقة الشمسية ML2440.
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تُقدم هذه الدراسة تحقيقًا تجريبيًا وعدديًا مشتركًا لأداء لوح شمسي بقدرة 50 واط باستخدام وحدة التحكم ML2440 لتتبع نقطة القدرة القصوى (MPPT) تحت ظروف إشعاع شمسي مختلفة وأحمال مقاومية متنوعة. تم تحليل ثلاث حالات تشغيل: بدون تتبع، وحمل مقاومة بقيمة 90 أوم، وآخر بقيمة 115 أوم. تم حساب القدرة النظرية والكفاءة باستخدام بيانات الإشعاع الشمسي ودرجة حرارة اللوح وخصائص الوحدة، ومقارنتها بالنتائج التجريبية لتقييم دقة النموذج وفعالية وحدة التحكم. سُجلت أعلى قدرة خرج تجريبية بلغت 49.70 واط عند إشعاع 1000 واط/م² باستخدام مقاومة 115 أوم، متقاربة جدًا مع القدرة النظرية البالغة 50.30 واط، بنسبة خطأ نسبي لم تتجاوز 1.2%. أما حالة عدم التتبع، فقد حققت قدرة قصوى قدرها 46.51 واط، مع انحراف ملحوظ عن القيم النظرية. أظهر تحليل الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط الخطأ (RMSE) أن حالة عدم التتبع سجلت أعلى القيم (7.92 واط للقدرة، و2.84% للكفاءة)، في حين سجلت حالتا 90 أوم و115 أوم قيمًا أقل بشكل ملحوظ (4.12 واط و1.87% على التوالي). تؤكد هذه النتائج فعالية وحدة التحكم ML2440 في تحسين أداء النظام الشمسي من خلال التتبع الأمثل لنقطة القدرة القصوى، كما تُثبت دقة النموذج العددي المُطور كأداة موثوقة لتقييم وتحليل أداء الأنظمة الكهروضوئية.
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